Ransomware

Ransomware is a form of malware that aims to make a computer system or certain data inaccessible by encrypting it. The name is derived from the word “ransom”, as attackers usually demand a large sum of money after a successful attack in order to decrypt the data or prevent the publication of sensitive information.

How ransomware works

Ransomware often infects a device through phishing emails, malicious downloads, fake software updates or security vulnerabilities in operating systems. As soon as the program reaches the target device, the ransomware is activated and begins encrypting certain data or the entire system. Those affected then usually see a ransom demand on their screen, requiring them to pay via cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin in order to secure their anonymity. There are two main types of ransomware:

1. Locker ransomware: Locks the user out of the system but leaves the files unencrypted. In most cases, the operating system cannot be used and a ransom note appears on the screen.
2. Crypto-ransomware: Encrypts files or the entire system and demands a ransom for access to a decryption key.

The ransomware business model

Many ransomware attackers work according to the “ransomware-as-a-service” (RaaS) model. These are criminal organizations that rent out ransomware tools to other cybercriminals, who then hand over part of the extorted money to the authors. This makes it possible for less technically skilled attackers to carry out ransomware attacks.

Effects and risks

Ransomware can cause considerable damage that goes far beyond the ransom:

• Financial losses: In addition to the ransom, this often results in loss of revenue and costs for system recovery.
• Loss of sensitive data: In the event of a “double extortion”, the attackers also threaten to publish the stolen data.
• Interruption of business operations: As data and systems are blocked, affected companies are often unable to work for days.
• Damage to reputation: Data loss and security breaches have a negative impact on public perception and trust.

Prevention and protection against ransomware

Prevention is the most effective way to protect yourself against ransomware:

• Regular backups: One of the most important measures is to regularly back up important data, ideally offline and in a secure environment, to prevent data loss in the event of an infection.
• Awareness and training: Employees should be informed about the dangers of phishing and suspicious attachments, as ransomware is often introduced through human error.
• Antivirus and anti-ransomware software: These programs detect potential ransomware before it can cause any damage.
• Network security: Firewall and security configurations should be regularly checked and updated in order to close potential vulnerabilities.
• Zero-trust approach: A security model that gives all network access only as much trust as is absolutely necessary to reduce the likelihood of a ransomware infection.

What to do in an emergency?

In the event of a ransomware attack, quick action is crucial:

1. Isolate infected systems: To prevent the spread to other systems, infected devices should be disconnected from the network immediately.
2. Call in IT security experts: Security analysts can help to contain the attack and restore the systems.
3. Inform the authorities: Depending on the company and the data concerned, the incident should be reported to the relevant authorities.
4. Decision to pay a ransom: Security experts and authorities generally advise against paying a ransom, as this only encourages cybercriminals and there is no guarantee of decryption.

In summary, ransomware is a particularly harmful type of malware that affects companies and private individuals worldwide. A comprehensive security concept that includes employee training, regular backups and up-to-date security software can significantly reduce the risk of an attack.